Standard Operating Procedure for Engineering Water Treatment Plant
SOP Number: Hotel Engineering SOP – 04
Department: Engineering and Maintenance
Date Issued: 13–Feb-2018
Time to Train: 30 Minutes
Water Treatment Plant Operation Standard Procedure:
The Water Treatment Plant consists of the following:
1) Raw water filters.
It is used to remove the particular impurities or the suspended impurities from the untreated (hard water) i.e. raw water.
The raw water filter requires backwash process to maintain efficient flow of water. With required quantity and pressure.
2) Water Softener Plant.
Water softner plant is used to reduce the temporary hardness in the water.
The soft water is being used at many places as it helps to avoid any damages to equipment used in the hotel like boilers and also other equipment where hot/cold water is regularly used.
The softener used in the Hotels is a cation base.
A chemical change takes place and softens the water by removing calcium and magnesium salts, which creates the temporary hardness of the water.
It is a cold process basically known as Ion Exchange.
The softener requires regeneration time to time to have a good quality of soft water throughout the system.
Before doing regeneration, ensure that the raw water and domestic water tanks are also full.
When the water hardness exceeds 80 ppm. Engineering team should perform the regeneration of softener.
3) Activated Carbon Filter.
Activated carbon filters are generally employed in the process of removing organic compounds and/or extracting free chlorine from water, thereby making the water suitable for discharge.
Eliminating organics in potable water, such as humic and fulvic acid.
Prevents chlorine in the water from chemically reacting with the acids and forming trihalomethanes, a class of known carcinogens.
4) Hydropneumatic System.
The Hydropneumatic System is a modernization of the older gravity tank method of water supply, Its main purpose is to control or boost a limited supply pressure to a higher or to a more uniform value.
A hydropneumatic tank contains pressurized air and water.
It does not have a bladder and air is in direct contact with the water.
The compressed air acts as a cushion exerting or absorbing pressure.
As the flow begins, one of the pumps starts at low speed and as the demand increases the pump speeds up until it reaches the full RPM level
At this point, the second pump becomes operational (start).
The speed of the two pumps varies till they reach the full RPM.At this stage, the next pump starts.
The same sequence is repeated for the additional pumps and each pump, in turn, changes over automatically and maintains the system pressure according to the demand, time and fault.
When the water demand is zero the system shuts-off automatically and when the system is running continuously, the lead pump alternates based on the time set.
Back Wash Procedure:
It is the reverse process of normal supply through the filter.
- Backwashing of the filter required when the filter bed gets chock by determining the water pressure falling across the filter inlet and outlet.
It should not exceed 5 psi in the bed by installed pressure gauges.
In the normal course, the water enters the top of the filter bed and comes out from the bottom of the filter bed.
Training Summary questions:
Q1. What all consists of a water treatment plant?
Q2. Explain the sequence of backwash procedure?
Q3. What is a Hydropneumatic System?
Q4. Explain the functionality of activated carbon filter?
Q5. When to do a regeneration of the filters?
