Standard Operating Procedure for Engineering Water Treatment Plant
SOP Number: Hotel Engineering SOP – 04
Department: Engineering and Maintenance
Date Issued: 13–Feb-2018
Time to Train: 30 Minutes
Water Treatment Plant Operation Standard Procedure:
The Water Treatment Plant consists of the following:
1) Raw water filters.
-
It is used to remove the particular impurities or the suspended impurities from the untreated (hard water) i.e. raw water.
-
The raw water filter requires backwash process to maintain efficient flow of water. With required quantity and pressure.
2) Water Softener Plant.
-
Water softner plant is used to reduce the temporary hardness in the water.
-
The soft water is being used at many places as it helps to avoid any damages to equipment used in the hotel like boilers and also other equipment where hot/cold water is regularly used.
-
The softener used in the Hotels is a cation base.
-
A chemical change takes place and softens the water by removing calcium and magnesium salts, which creates the temporary hardness of the water.
-
It is a cold process basically known as Ion Exchange.
-
The softener requires regeneration time to time to have a good quality of soft water throughout the system.
-
Before doing regeneration, ensure that the raw water and domestic water tanks are also full.
-
When the water hardness exceeds 80 ppm. Engineering team should perform the regeneration of softener.
3) Activated Carbon Filter.
-
Activated carbon filters are generally employed in the process of removing organic compounds and/or extracting free chlorine from water, thereby making the water suitable for discharge.
-
Eliminating organics in potable water, such as humic and fulvic acid.
-
Prevents chlorine in the water from chemically reacting with the acids and forming trihalomethanes, a class of known carcinogens.
4) Hydropneumatic System.
-
The Hydropneumatic System is a modernization of the older gravity tank method of water supply, Its main purpose is to control or boost a limited supply pressure to a higher or to a more uniform value.
-
A hydropneumatic tank contains pressurized air and water.
-
It does not have a bladder and air is in direct contact with the water.
-
The compressed air acts as a cushion exerting or absorbing pressure.
-
As the flow begins, one of the pumps starts at low speed and as the demand increases the pump speeds up until it reaches the full RPM level
-
At this point, the second pump becomes operational (start).
-
The speed of the two pumps varies till they reach the full RPM.At this stage, the next pump starts.
-
The same sequence is repeated for the additional pumps and each pump, in turn, changes over automatically and maintains the system pressure according to the demand, time and fault.
-
When the water demand is zero the system shuts-off automatically and when the system is running continuously, the lead pump alternates based on the time set.
Back Wash Procedure:
-
It is the reverse process of normal supply through the filter.
- Backwashing of the filter required when the filter bed gets chock by determining the water pressure falling across the filter inlet and outlet.
-
It should not exceed 5 psi in the bed by installed pressure gauges.
-
In the normal course, the water enters the top of the filter bed and comes out from the bottom of the filter bed.
Training Summary questions:
Q1. What all consists of a water treatment plant?
Q2. Explain the sequence of backwash procedure?
Q3. What is a Hydropneumatic System?
Q4. Explain the functionality of activated carbon filter?
Q5. When to do a regeneration of the filters?