Uses of Egg in Cookery | Culinary | Kitchen and Hotel Industry
Certain foods play a major role in cooking, one of these is the egg. It can be served as a main dish, as an accompaniment to other dishes, or as an ingredient in an item.
Due to such versatility, the egg is considered a primary ingredient in culinary preparation, providing moisture, structure, and richness in dishes. It is also an emulsifier and aerator when properly handled and used. For hotel management professionals, culinary students, chefs, etc. it is very important to get familiar with the Eggs characteristics.
1.BINDING AND COATING:
Egg used in such food mixtures as meatloaf or croquettes is distributed through the mixture. Upon heating, the proteins coagulate, binding the food into a cohesive mass of the desired form. This is why croquettes, for example, retain their shape during the cooking process. Frequently an outer coating of flour, breadcrumbs, cereal, or butter is added to food to enhance its appearance, texture, or flavor. An egg batter provides a binder for added coatings.
2. LEAVENINGS:
Foam is created when the egg white is beaten. The foam is made of bubbles surrounded by a thin, elastic film of egg white. When the foam is incorporated into a mixture, it provides leavening for such products as omelets, soufflés, sponge cakes, and meringues. When these products are heated the air bubbles expand and the egg white film hardens. The volume of egg yolks makes its foaming power considerably lower than that of the egg white.
3. EGG WHITE FOAM:
Egg white foams are used in many foods to make them light and porous. Egg white foam is a colloid of bubbles of air surrounded by part of the albumen that has been denatured by the beating of egg white. The denatured albumen is stiff and gives stability to the foam. An egg white is beaten, it loses its elasticity but some elasticity is necessary for egg white foam used in such dishes as soufflés and cakes so that the air cells can expand without breaking down the cell walls. This expansion occurs in the heated oven before the albumen becomes rigid.
Soft meringues are made with 2 tbsp of sugar for each egg white. Topping the fillings while they are still hot and baking the pie at 375° F (190° C) until the meringues reach a light color yields a stable meringue and reduces the amount of liquid (called leakage) collecting under the meringue and the tendency to the meringue to slip from the surface of the pie.
Hard meringues have a much higher proportion of sugar than egg whites. As much as 1/4 cup of sugar per egg white may be used. Since sugar retards the denaturalization of the egg proteins, a longer whipping time is necessary. Hard meringue can be shaped into such subjects as baskets, hearts, pies, shells, or animal figures. The baking temperature is very long (1 1/2 hrs) and very low (275° F or 135° C)
4. EMULSIFYING AGENTS:
Eggs are used to form stable emulsions, mayonnaise, for example, OilSeveral kinds of oil are used to make salad dressing;e.g. olive; peanut; sunflower; walnut; grape se... and Vinegar separate unless the oil droplets are coated with the substance that keeps them from running together. Egg yolk is often effective in accomplishing this. Eggs are used as emulsifiers (LecithinLecithin: Emulsifier used in many chocolates to reduce the viscosity.) in ice cream, cakes, and cream puffs.
5. INTERFERING SUBSTANCES:
Beaten egg whites will act as an interfering substance in mixtures to be frozen, such as “sherbet”. Tiny bubbles of air trapped in air prevent ice crystals from coming together and creating large masses of icy material. Egg whites and at times, egg yolk perform a similar service in the making of candy; an egg white added to certain candies interferes with the formation of large sugar crystals.
6. CLARIFYING AGENTS:
Raw eggs may be added to hot broths and coffee. When the proteins in the egg coagulate, they trap the loose particles in the liquid and clarify it. Custard, Puddings, and Pie Fillings: custard may be cooked over hot water and stirred as it is cooked (soft custard) or may be cooked without stirring (baked custard). The coagulation of soft custard takes place at about 160° F (70° C). If in making a soft custard the mixture is held at the coagulation point for too long or if the temperature exceeds this level the protein is over-cooked, the mixture thickens unevenly and the finished product will be curdled. Baked custard is cooked without stirring in an oven at 350 F(176° C).
7. CONTRIBUTING FLAVOUR AND COLOUR:
The products in which eggs are used contribute to their flavor and color, Examples are cakes and custard.
8. STABILISING EMULSION AND FOAMS:
In several products, eggs are used to form emulsions or foams. For example, eggs are used in salad dressings, e.g., mayonnaise, to stabilize an oil-in-water emulsion. In meringue and sponge cakes, the function of the egg is to stabilize the foam, i.e., the air in the liquid dispersion.
9. THICKENING OF FOOD MIXTURES:
For example, eggs function as a thickening agent in custard. The thickening effect is due to the coagulation of the proteins during heating.
The Definition of the Term ‘Egg’:
In Culinary, the term EGG refers to the oval, thin-shelled ovum of a bird, used as food. There are many types of eggs such as goose, duck, and turkey. In cookery, other types of eggs are often used but the chicken egg is most common. The standard recipes calling for eggs are always referring to the chicken egg unless specifically mentioned. Below is the list of main uses of eggs in the cookery or culinary world.
Types of Eggs Used in Hotels and Restaurants:
The most commonly used eggs in commercial and home cookery are Large Eggs. Jumbo and extra-large eggs are sometimes used as B’Fast eggs for poaching and frying. Medium, Small, and Pee Wee eggs are rarely used. Eggs from Hens, Turkeys, Guinea fowls, Ducks, and Geese are used in the Culinary field.
Market Forms of Eggs
Fresh eggs: Often used for B’fast cookery
Frozen Eggs: Includes whole egg, whites, yolks, whole egg with extra yolk, etc. It should be pasteurized before freezing. It is used for scrambled eggs, omelets, French toast, and in baking.
Dried eggs: Should be pasteurized before drying. Includes whole egg whites & yolks. Moisture is removed through evaporation. They are primarily used for baking.
